Buta no Ie

In part one of this series on branding SharePoint 2010 collaboration sites I posted a bit about how the new Theming engine works in SharePoint 2010. In this post, we’ll be going over the new and improved CSSRegistration control in SharePoint 2010.

A history lesson; the CSSRegistration control in SharePoint 2007

The CSSRegistration control in SharePoint 2007 basically has one property you can set, the Name is the Url to the CSS file that you want to register. When you register a style sheet through the control, it adds the CSS file to an alphabetically sorted list. The style sheets in this list are then emitted as HTML <link> elements by the CSSLink control.

If you required one CSS file to be emitted before another, you would need to name them accordingly. For example:

<SharePoint:CSSRegistration Name="foo.css" runat="server" />
<SharePoint:CSSRegistration Name="bar.css" runat="server" />

Even though I registered foo.css before bar.css, the HTML on the rendered page would look like so:

<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="bar.css"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="foo.css"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_layouts/1033/styles/core.css?rev=..."/>

bar.css would come before foo.css and what’s this core.css doing here? Somehow, someone at MS decided that the core.css containing ALL of the base CSS rules for WSS should override any custom CSS!

As a workaround, you could set the DefaultUrl property for the CSSLink control to point to a single CSS file that would come after core.css, and then use @import to link to any additional custom CSS files.

The fact that core.css was emitted after any style sheets registered using CSSRegistration made the CSSRegistration control all but useless in 2007.

The shiny new CSSRegistration control in SharePoint 2010

So things are much better in the SharePoint 2010 world. If you examine the documentation for the SharePoint 2010 version of the CSSRegistration control, you’ll find the addition of the following properties, which currently have no descriptions to their usage in the SDK:

RevealToNonIE (boolean)

I assume this property would allow you to register IE-only style sheets.  This doesn’t seem to be working in Beta 2 though as it doesn’t matter whether I set this to true or false, the CSS files would get emitted regardless of the browser I was using.

ConditionalExpression (string)

Another assumption that this would allow us to set certain conditions in order for the style sheet to appear in HTML. Nothing at all in the way of documentation nor could I find any examples in the 14 Hive as of Beta 2.

This property is an Internet Explorer Conditional Comment. For example, if we wanted to link to a style sheet specific to IE 7 or greater, we can do this:

<SharePoint:CSSRegistration Name="foo.css" ConditionalExpression="gte IE 7" runat="server" />

The following markup would be emitted:

<!--[if gte IE 7]>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="foo.css"/>
<![endif]-->

After (string)

This property is what was sorely missing in 2007. We can now tell the CSSLink control to emit the registered style sheet after another CSS file. You can either define just the leaf filename, ie bar.css or the path to the CSS file, ie /foo/bar.css. If you don’t use the After property, style sheets will still be emitted by alphabetical order. For example:

<SharePoint:CSSRegistration Name="bar.css" After="foo.css" runat="server" />
<SharePoint:CSSRegistration Name="foo.css" runat="server" />

bar.css is emitted after foo.css because we specified the After property when we registered bar.css:

<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="foo.css"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="bar.css"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_layouts/1033/styles/Themable/corev4.css?rev=..."/>

corev4.css IS STILL emitted after everything else for whatever reason, unless you use the After=”corev4.css” property when registering AND there are a few gotchas that you need to be aware of.

Gotcha 1: You’re never sure of the sort order

As of Beta 2, there’s some weirdness when you register multiple style sheets that all require to be after the same CSS file. They are no longer sorted alphabetically but in most cases they end up being last in first out:

<SharePoint:CSSRegistration Name="1.css" After="corev4.css" runat="server" />
<SharePoint:CSSRegistration Name="2.css" After="corev4.css" runat="server" />
<SharePoint:CSSRegistration Name="3.css" After="corev4.css" runat="server" />

I was expecting 1, 2, 3… but instead I get 3, 2, 1…

<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_layouts/1033/styles/Themable/corev4.css?rev=..."/>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="3.css"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="2.css"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="1.css"/>

Gotcha 2: I need something AFTER another thing…

The other thing to take note on is when you need to define nested After. For example, I need to make sure that the style sheets are emitted in the order 1, 2, 3, 4:

<SharePoint:CSSRegistration Name="1.css" runat="server" />
<SharePoint:CSSRegistration Name="2.css" After="1.css" runat=”server" />
<SharePoint:CSSRegistration Name="3.css" After="2.css" runat="server" />
<SharePoint:CSSRegistration Name="4.css" After="3.css" runat="server" />

We don’t get what we would expect the result to be, instead it comes out as 1, 4, 3, 2:

<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="1.css"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="4.css"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="3.css"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="2.css"/>

It looks like as a general rule of thumb, you should register the style sheet which comes after another one FIRST. So in order to get 1, 2, 3, 4 we need to define our registration like so:

<SharePoint:CSSRegistration Name="4.css" After="3.css" runat="server" />
<SharePoint:CSSRegistration Name="3.css" After="2.css" runat="server" />
<SharePoint:CSSRegistration Name="2.css" After="1.css" runat="server" />
<SharePoint:CSSRegistration Name="1.css" runat="server" />

EnableCssTheming (boolean)

Remember those “Themable folders” and compile time directives in the CSS files I mentioned about in Part 1? The EnableCssTheming property tells the SharePoint 2010 theming engine to recompile the style sheet using any directives found within the registered CSS file if the file’s location is in one of those “Themable” folders. EnableCssTheming is “true” by default, you have to explicitly set it to “false” if you do not want the registered style sheet to be parsed and re-compiled.

For example:

<SharePoint:CSSRegistration Name="<% $SPUrl:~sitecollection/_layouts/1033/Styles/Themable/foo.css %>" runat="server" />

If we don’t have a theme selected, the HTML emitted will be:

<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_layouts/1033/Styles/Themable/foo.css"/>

But if there’s a theme applied to a site, it will be in one of two locations, where [1234567] and [12345678] are hex values that represent the theme name and CSS file paths. The ctag QueryString parameter is a simple integer counter used for cache invalidation. It increments up every time a web’s theme gets changed.

If the theme was applied through the web UI:

<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/[WEB PATH]/_themes/[COUNTER]/foo-[12345678].css?ctag=[COUNTER]"/>

Or, if the theme was set programmatically using the ThmxTheme class and shareGenerate was defined as “true” it will be located here:

<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_catalogs/theme/Themed/[1234567]/foo-[12345678].css?ctag=[COUNTER]"/>

Just to re-iterate, the two three locations where the “Themable” folder can be located are:

1. In the “14 hive” at %ProgramFiles%\Common Files\Microsoft Shared\Web Server Extensions\14\TEMPLATE\LAYOUTS\[LCID]\STYLES\Themable;

   Where [LCID] is the Locale ID. In North America, the default is “1033” for English (US).

2. In each web’s Style Library/Themable. These CSS files only affect the specific web and all languages.
3. In each web’s Style Library/[LANG]/Themable.

   These CSS files only affect the specific web and a specific language. In North America, the default is “en-US“

You can place your CSS files inside sub-folders of Themable for neatness but not the other way around… /Style Library/Themable/foo/bar.css will be recompiled by SharePoint 2010’s theming engine while /Style Library/foo/Themable/bar.css will not.

In the next episode…

Whew! We’ve now gone through how to register a style sheet so that it’s compatible with the new SharePoint 2010 theming engine.

My next post will be how to get our custom style sheets onto the out-of-the-box collaboration sites without having to create custom site templates or master pages. We’ll revisit an old friend (or new acquaintance to some), the Delegate Control!

UPDATE:

• You can find Part One here!
• You can find Part Three here!

Themes are dead! Long live themes!

The “awkward” themes system based on CSS and images in SharePoint 2007 is going the way of the dodo. No more deploying into the “12 hive” and having to modify the SPThemes.XML to register your theme.

As you may already know, in SharePoint 2010, themes are now just a set of colour and font values specified in an Office .thmx file. You upload a .thmx file into the Themes catalog and a site administrator can “theme” their site using the updated Themes web interface.

Unfortunately, if you want to brand any of the out-of-the-box SharePoint 2010 collaboration sites beyond colours and a couple of font choices, you will need to jump through a few hoops. All of which I’ll try to explain to you in this series of blog posts.

How does the SharePoint 2010 Theming Engine work?

So what happens behind the scenes when you select a 2010 theme to apply to your site? How do the new colours specified in the .thmx file and/or the colours you’ve chosen through the web interface get applied to your site?

There  are essentially two main locations where CSS files for SharePoint 2010 are stored:

1. In the “14 hive” at %ProgramFiles%\Common Files\Microsoft Shared\Web Server Extensions\14\TEMPLATE\LAYOUTS\1033\STYLES;

   The exact location of the CSS files varies depending on whether you have a language pack installed and have another language as the default. I’m in North America and the Locale ID for the majority of our projects is 1033 for English (US).

   These CSS files are used by all webs located on the front-end web server.

2. In each web’s Style Library. These CSS files only affect the specific web.

Oh, btw, when I say “web,” I mean SPWeb… if you’re a SP Dev, you’ll know what I’m talking about, otherwise think “site” but not “SPSite”…

So you must be thinking, “that’s exactly the same as in SharePoint 2007!” And you would be right, but if you look in the first location, you’ll notice a folder named “Themable”…

If you look in the Style Library of a team site, you won’t find anything… BUT if you were to create a Publishing Portal and look inside the Style Library, you’ll find a “Themable” folder as well…

Taking a look at some of the CSS files, you’ll notice some things in the CSS comments like:

/*[ReplaceColor(themeColor:"Light1")]*/
background-color: #fff;

/*[RecolorImage(themeColor:"Accent6",method:"Tinting")]*/
background-image:url("/_layouts/images/selectednav.gif");

What this? Compile time directives?

Yup, when the user selects a theme for a web, SharePoint goes and recompiles the CSS and places the compiled CSS files into the web’s “_theme” folder.

UPDATE: There’s also a second location in the content DB where a compiled theme could live besides a web’s “_theme”. If you use the ThmxTheme.SetThemeUrlForWeb method to set the web’s theme and specify “true” for the shareGenerated parameter, the compiled CSS files will be located in “/_catalogs/theme/Themed/[1234567]” instead. [1234567] is some hex value based on the theme name or folder, not exactly sure ATM.

SharePoint will replace any colors defined in the rule following the comment with the matching colour that’s defined in the .thmx or the web interface. It can even re-render graphics based on pixel co-ordinates, tinting (as seen in the second example above) or even re-render gradients for you! This is going to be a great time saver for projects where requirement dictates multiple colour variations on a central design!

What are all the directives? Dunno. There’s absolutely no documentation that I’ve found at the moment. There’s plenty of examples sprinkled throughout the CSS files found in the “Themable” folders though. I’m hoping someone out there compiles a list of all of them sooner rather than later.

In the next episode…

My next post will be on the new and improved CSSRegistration control which is how we can add our own custom CSS that can also take advantage of the new 2010 theming system!

UPDATE:

• You can find Part Two here!
• You can find Part Three here!